An ecology of ideology: theory and evidence from four populations

This paper analyzes the founding rates of two types of Jewish agricultural cooperatives, the moshav and the kibbutz, to show how political ideology intersects with resource requirements to produce competition and mutualism between organizations. These two populations, which share ideology and a resource base, competed with each other. They both enjoyed mutualism with the population of credit cooperatives, which represented a kindred ideology, but relied on different resources. They both suffered competition from the population of corporations, which represented a rival ideology, capitalism.